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鐔津文集 (No. 2115_ 契崇撰 ) in Vol. 00 672 673 674 675 676 677 678 679 680 681 682 683 684 685 686 687 [行番号:有/無] [返り点:有/無] [CITE]
T2115_.52.0672a01: 故爲人統也。殷之末也。如夏文王以至徳懷 T2115_.52.0672a02: 民。故天命將歸而武王承之故爲天統也。秦 T2115_.52.0672a03: 也隋也而人苦其敞。漢唐始以寛仁。振五季 T2115_.52.0672a04: 僞亂也 吾宋以神武平。故天命皆歸焉。曰 T2115_.52.0672a05: 天事幽也。莫可聞見接。而謂天命也。曷以 T2115_.52.0672a06: 明之耶。曰人心歸其徳而五行七政順其時 T2115_.52.0672a07: 者也。此舜禹湯武之所以享天下也。泰誓曰。 T2115_.52.0672a08: 天視自我民視天聽自我民聽。此所以明天 T2115_.52.0672a09: 命也。異乎後世則推圖讖符瑞。謂得其命也。 T2115_.52.0672a10: 用五行相勝。謂得其徳也。五勝則幾乎厭勝 T2115_.52.0672a11: 也符瑞則幾乎神奇也。魏季南北雜然稱制。 T2115_.52.0672a12: 而互謂自得天命也。而以兵相凌。四海之内 T2115_.52.0672a13: 斃民如棄芥。夫天命者因人心而安人也。是 T2115_.52.0672a14: 則人心歸其徳乎。五行七政順其時乎。雖曰 T2115_.52.0672a15: 奉天之命。其實安天之命者也。後世不仁而 T2115_.52.0672a16: 棄徳。始異者之致之也。坐其罪故不容於刑。 T2115_.52.0672a17: 天命者大命也。人命者禀天而成形。亦大命 T2115_.52.0672a18: 也。交大命者貴以正氣會。會之不得其正也。 T2115_.52.0672a19: 雖成其人非善人也。雖成其形非美形也。故 T2115_.52.0672a20: 天也常乘。正而命人。故人也常持正而乘天。 T2115_.52.0672a21: 如君非得其忠。不可推命於其下。臣非有其 T2115_.52.0672a22: 職。不可禀命於其上。父命其子必待孝。子奉 T2115_.52.0672a23: 父命必須恭。天人之道也。古之所謂正統也 T2115_.52.0672a24: 者。謂以一正而通天下也。統之不正則天下 T2115_.52.0672a25: 何以通乎。後之不及乎古者多矣。豈天命之 T2115_.52.0672a26: 來至乎正也哉 T2115_.52.0672a27: 皇問 T2115_.52.0672a28: 或者問曰。今稱皇者而不列其道。眞學士固 T2115_.52.0672a29: 疑之而罔辯。雖然百家雜出。君子謂非所信 T2115_.52.0672b01: 也。是果有然。是果無耶。吾子至學不謬聖人。 T2115_.52.0672b02: 必能引決。爲我明之也。曰是何云乎皇道豈 T2115_.52.0672b03: 無有耶。特乃不見耳。夫皇道者簡大無爲。不 T2115_.52.0672b04: 可得而言之也。縣縣默默合體乎元極。元也 T2115_.52.0672b05: 者四徳之冠也。五始之本也。體而存之。聖人 T2115_.52.0672b06: 之所以化也。推而作之。聖人之所以教也。教 T2115_.52.0672b07: 也者五帝之謂也。化也者三皇之謂也。善推 T2115_.52.0672b08: 教化則皇帝之道皎如也。古語云。徳合元者
T2115_.52.0672b11: 述則何獨尊乎堯舜文武而已矣。曰夫聖人之 T2115_.52.0672b12: 云爲者。必以其時之所宜也。苟非其宜雖堯 T2115_.52.0672b13: 舜必不能徒爲也。故曰。孔子聖之時者也。言 T2115_.52.0672b14: 其能以時爲而爲之也。昔者孔子處周之衰 T2115_.52.0672b15: 世。因酌後世之時必也益薄且僞。因不稱以 T2115_.52.0672b16: 簡大之道化。是故推至乎禮樂刑政者也。蓋 T2115_.52.0672b17: 以合乎後世之時爲治之宜也。然禮樂大造 T2115_.52.0672b18: 莫造乎堯舜者也。刑政大備莫備乎文武者 T2115_.52.0672b19: 也。此孔子所以推尊乎堯舜文武者也。故皇 T2115_.52.0672b20: 道者聖人存而不推也。王道者聖人推而不 T2115_.52.0672b21: 讓也。易曰。包犧氏沒神農氏作。堯舜垂衣裳 T2115_.52.0672b22: 而天下治。此聖人現皇道而存之者也。禮曰。 T2115_.52.0672b23: 大道之行也。與三代之英丘未之逮也。而有 T2115_.52.0672b24: 志焉。此聖人歎皇道而不得行之也。適有贏 T2115_.52.0672b25: 糧而趨於行者。不審其所以往而趨於行也。 T2115_.52.0672b26: 第以路跂相爭。斯雖愚夫亦笑其不知道也。 T2115_.52.0672b27: 與乎今之學者所以辯何以異哉。老子莊生 T2115_.52.0672b28: 亦頗論皇道。而學士嘗以爲聖人之書。雜其 T2115_.52.0672b29: 所出而鄙之。此亦非詳也。夫皇道也以易言 T2115_.52.0672c01: 之。則文王周公其先徳也。彼老莊也又何能 T2115_.52.0672c02: 始之乎。曰孔氏云。伏犧神農皇帝之書謂之 T2115_.52.0672c03: 三墳。言大道也。少昊顓帝高辛唐虞之書謂 T2115_.52.0672c04: 之五典。言常道也。今子也而論皇帝。而安見 T2115_.52.0672c05: 其所謂大道常道者耶。曰彼孔氏者以迹其 T2115_.52.0672c06: 教化而目之也。吾本其道眞而言之也。教化 T2115_.52.0672c07: 迹也。道本體也。窺迹則宜其有大有常。極本 T2115_.52.0672c08: 則皇與帝者宜一。孔氏可謂見其徼者也烏 T2115_.52.0672c09: 足以知道淵邪。或者曉然而作 T2115_.52.0672c10: 鐔津文集卷第五 T2115_.52.0672c11: T2115_.52.0672c12: T2115_.52.0672c13: T2115_.52.0672c14: T2115_.52.0672c15: 藤州鐔津東山沙門契嵩撰 T2115_.52.0672c16: 論原 T2115_.52.0672c17: 問兵 T2115_.52.0672c18: 客以論兵問。而叟愀然曰。何是問之相屬 T2115_.52.0672c19: 也。叟野人也。安知兵乎。客曰。謂子其學兼 T2115_.52.0672c20: 儒。儒之道具於文武。兵也者武之効也。不知 T2115_.52.0672c21: 兵孰謂之道。曰道也者何眞兵亦仁義而已 T2115_.52.0672c22: 矣。客不達且引去。叟介然謂席人曰。兵者刑 T2115_.52.0672c23: 也。發於仁而主於義也。發於仁。以仁而憫亂 T2115_.52.0672c24: 也。主於義。以義而止暴也。以義而止暴。故相 T2115_.52.0672c25: 正而不相亂。以仁而憫亂。故圖生而不圖殺。 T2115_.52.0672c26: 是故五帝之兵謂之正刑。三王之兵謂之義 T2115_.52.0672c27: 征。義征擧而天下莫不懷也。正刑行而天 T2115_.52.0672c28: 下莫不順也。炎帝之後不逞。而軒轅氏陳于 T2115_.52.0672c29: 涿鹿。兵未接而其人已服。共工氏封豕其民 T2115_.52.0673a01: 而顓帝伐之。亦未戰而遂服。湯東面而征西 T2115_.52.0673a02: 夷怨。南面而征北狄怨。曰奚爲後我民望之 T2115_.52.0673a03: 若大旱之望雲霓也。紂爲無道而武王征之。 T2115_.52.0673a04: 至于孟津不誥而諸侯會。紂有億兆夷人。不 T2115_.52.0673a05: 用於商而用於周。周衰而兵道一變。所謂仁 T2115_.52.0673a06: 義者遂妄矣。乃發於暴而至於詐。強國以兵 T2115_.52.0673a07: 横。大國以兵驕。忿國以兵亂。貪國以兵侵。齊 T2115_.52.0673a08: 始勝於楚。而齊後負於晋。晋始勝齊。而晋復 T2115_.52.0673a09: 負於秦。迭興迭亡。類乎博塞之爲玩。夫兵 T2115_.52.0673a10: 逆事也。無已則君子用之。是故聖人尚徳而 T2115_.52.0673a11: 不尚兵。所以明兵者不可專造天下也。穀梁 T2115_.52.0673a12: 子曰。被甲嬰冑非所以興國也。則以誅暴亂 T2115_.52.0673a13: 也。文中子曰。亡國戰兵。覇國戰智。王國戰仁 T2115_.52.0673a14: 義。帝國戰徳。皇國戰無爲。聖王無以尚可以 T2115_.52.0673a15: 仁義爲。故曰仁義而已矣。孤虚詐力之兵而 T2115_.52.0673a16: 君子不與。吾其與乎。席人咨嗟曰。未之聞也。 T2115_.52.0673a17: 羅拜而罷 T2115_.52.0673a18: 評讓 T2115_.52.0673a19: 世所謂讓者宜有輕重。而學者混一而論之。 T2115_.52.0673a20: 於禮無別則後世何以取法乎。若夫天子以 T2115_.52.0673a21: 其天下讓諸侯。以其國讓卿大夫。以爵位讓 T2115_.52.0673a22: 士庶。以名利讓。是皆有所以而讓之者也。 T2115_.52.0673a23: 其所以讓之得其正。則其禮可取也。所以讓 T2115_.52.0673a24: 之不得其正則其禮何所取乎。夫讓也有以 T2115_.52.0673a25: 時而讓者。有以義而讓者。有以名而讓者。有 T2115_.52.0673a26: 以勢而讓者。有以苟而讓者。以時讓者仁。以 T2115_.52.0673a27: 義讓者勸。以名讓者矯。以勢讓者窮。以苟讓 T2115_.52.0673a28: 者亂。魯之隱公其苟讓者也。漢之孝平其勢 T2115_.52.0673a29: 讓者也。呉季札曹子臧其名讓者也。伯夷其 T2115_.52.0673b01: 義讓者也。堯舜其時讓者也。堯之時大同其 T2115_.52.0673b02: 時可讓。故遜于賢而天下戴其仁也。故曰以 T2115_.52.0673b03: 時讓者。仁禹之世浸異其時。不可讓于人。故 T2115_.52.0673b04: 其子承之而天下亦戴其仁也。太伯伯夷以 T2115_.52.0673b05: 賢相推而其義可讓也。讓之足以勸百世。故 T2115_.52.0673b06: 曰以義讓者勸。季札子臧當列國相爭而父 T2115_.52.0673b07: 子交殘。乃以讓名奮所以矯激其時也。故曰 T2115_.52.0673b08: 以名讓者矯。漢之孝平迫于強臣之勢而其身 T2115_.52.0673b09: 窮因殆不能振。遂以其天下讓。故曰以勢讓 T2115_.52.0673b10: 者窮。魯之隱公不以正讓非其人而苟去之 T2115_.52.0673b11: 卒至乎淫亂。故曰以苟讓者亂。孟子曰。天與 T2115_.52.0673b12: 賢則與賢。天與子則與子。荀子曰。堯舜禪讓
T2115_.52.0673b15: 曰。允哲堯擅舜之重。則不輕於由矣。韓子曰。 T2115_.52.0673b16: 堯舜之傳賢也。欲天下得所也。然四子皆不 T2115_.52.0673b17: 達乎聖賢之時也。其言孰爲詳乎。如堯非其 T2115_.52.0673b18: 時則豈肯以天下讓于他人乎。使禹得堯之 T2115_.52.0673b19: 時而天下豈及其子乎。所謂堯舜禹其奮於 T2115_.52.0673b20: 萬世之上者。正以其時而爲之者也。堯舜禹 T2115_.52.0673b21: 其聖之時者也。嗚呼後世者其人自私甚乎。 T2115_.52.0673b22: 禹之時也而傳授者不能本。禹曰吾慕堯舜 T2115_.52.0673b23: 爲之禪讓。是亦妄矣。其知時乎 T2115_.52.0673b24: 問覇 T2115_.52.0673b25: 問者曰。君子稱王或不稱覇。謂覇執權。謂王 T2115_.52.0673b26: 修信也。而覇孰謂無信邪。固疑其道也。幸吾 T2115_.52.0673b27: 子辯之。使桓文之事皆悉也。曰王尚徳覇尚 T2115_.52.0673b28: 功夫王有權。王者以權而行徳也。覇有權。覇 T2115_.52.0673b29: 者以權而取功也。取功故其權未必不私也。 T2115_.52.0673c01: 行徳故其權未必不公也。故公者爲權而私 T2115_.52.0673c02: 者爲詐也。王有信誠信也。覇有信假信也。假 T2115_.52.0673c03: 信故愈久而愈渝。誠信故愈久而愈信。齊桓 T2115_.52.0673c04: 公方會諸侯。自北杏抵幽十一主盟而諸侯 T2115_.52.0673c05: 皆順。其信存也。及城縁陵而諸侯皆散。其信 T2115_.52.0673c06: 渝也。晋文公其戰克楚踐土之盟。以功自高 T2115_.52.0673c07: 遂召天王。其章詐也。是故君子稱之。稱其當
T2115_.52.0673c10: 好也。善罰之功也。子曰。管仲之器小哉。卑 T2115_.52.0673c11: 覇之道也。中古之覇。有異禮而無異道。後 T2115_.52.0673c12: 古之覇。有異道而無異禮。守職命而不擅征。 T2115_.52.0673c13: 不亦有異禮乎。信征伐而尚詐力。不亦有異 T2115_.52.0673c14: 道乎。故曰覇非古也。亂王政自桓文始也。今 T2115_.52.0673c15: 俗曰。覇道適變治者不可不用也。仲尼曰。管 T2115_.52.0673c16: 仲相桓公覇諸侯一匡天下。民到于今受其 T2115_.52.0673c17: 賜。微管仲吾其被髮左衽矣。我其舍諸。噫致 T2115_.52.0673c18: 合天下之猖狂詭譎。傳會于孫子呉起之説 T2115_.52.0673c19: 淫溺而不反者也。此誠愚者之言。烏足與知 T2115_.52.0673c20: 聖人之意邪。所謂適變者。蓋君子因事而正 T2115_.52.0673c21: 之以義者也。豈曰以智詐而變正道者也。春 T2115_.52.0673c22: 秋之譏變古正以諸侯用私而變公者也。夫 T2115_.52.0673c23: 至道之世不顯權。至徳之世不懷功。懷功恐 T2115_.52.0673c24: 其人因功而競利也。顯權恐其人因權而生 T2115_.52.0673c25: 詐也。是故堯舜之化淳而文王之化讓。漢氏 T2115_.52.0673c26: 曰。吾家雜以王覇而治天下。暫厚而終薄。少 T2115_.52.0673c27: 讓而多諍 T2115_.52.0673c28: 巽説 T2115_.52.0673c29: 易曰。巽以行權何謂也。曰君子乘大順而擧 T2115_.52.0674a01: 其事者也。時不順雖堯舜未始爲也。重巽順 T2115_.52.0674a02: 之至也。陽得位而中正當位也。剛正以用巽 T2115_.52.0674a03: 用之當也。故君子爲之也。乘其順履其中効 T2115_.52.0674a04: 其用。其道莫不行也。其物莫不與也。然則時 T2115_.52.0674a05: 之順必大權。然後帥其正也。權之作必大人。 T2115_.52.0674a06: 然後理其變也。權也者適變之謂也。夫大人 T2115_.52.0674a07: 其變也。公小人其變也。私權也者治亂安危 T2115_.52.0674a08: 之所繋也。故權也不可以假人也。孔子曰。可 T2115_.52.0674a09: 與學未可與適道。可與適道未可與立。可與 T2115_.52.0674a10: 立未可與權。蓋愼之至也。至順者大有爲之 T2115_.52.0674a11: 時也。位中正者君之位也。剛正則用巽天下 T2115_.52.0674a12: 之大權也。唯天子居其位行其權。以順其時 T2115_.52.0674a13: 也。用巽則以制其物也。用巽不可以示其民 T2115_.52.0674a14: 而使知之也。制莫之制則亂也。愼密則民不 T2115_.52.0674a15: 知其所以而姦不生也。故文言曰。同聲相應 T2115_.52.0674a16: 同氣相求。水流濕火就燥。雲從龍風從虎。聖 T2115_.52.0674a17: 人作而萬物覩。本乎天者親上本乎地者親 T2115_.52.0674a18: 下。則各從其類也。九二曰。巽在床下。蓋言卑 T2115_.52.0674a19: 而失其正也。不可以用巽也。用巽則物不與 T2115_.52.0674a20: 而且亂也。上九曰。巽在床下。喪其資斧其貞 T2115_.52.0674a21: 凶。蓋言過其時則用斷不可。是失其權也。 T2115_.52.0674a22: 九五曰。先庚三日後庚三日。蓋言愼其出號 T2115_.52.0674a23: 令也。故號令不可輕發而屡改也。是故用巽
T2115_.52.0674a26: 人文 T2115_.52.0674a27: 辯者曰。是世文隆天下其將成乎。其隆者文 T2115_.52.0674a28: 言也。而文言烏足以驗乎天下成邪。何文其 T2115_.52.0674a29: 可驗乎。曰必也人文也。易曰。觀乎人文而天 T2115_.52.0674b01: 下化成。斯之謂也。曰何謂人文乎。曰文武王 T2115_.52.0674b02: 之道也。文武相濟以賁人道。故曰人文也。文 T2115_.52.0674b03: 者徳也。武者刑也。徳以致大業。刑以扶盛徳。 T2115_.52.0674b04: 徳其至也。刑其次也。會文武者所以以文總 T2115_.52.0674b05: 之。故曰人文也。夫聖人以盛徳教天下。而天 T2115_.52.0674b06: 下保其徳也。示大刑所以約之也。既正則停 T2115_.52.0674b07: 刑而達徳也。徳也者待刑而輔之也。刑也
T2115_.52.0674b10: 此君子所以見天下之成敗也。吾觀周文。文 T2115_.52.0674b11: 武至之也。宣其甚刑而平其徳衰也。吾觀漢 T2115_.52.0674b12: 文。高文僅至也。惠其減徳武其多兵也。吾觀 T2115_.52.0674b13: 唐文。文皇大正而小繆也。曰三代之道有質 T2115_.52.0674b14: 焉有文焉。曰文而亡質。王道其可盡乎。故曰 T2115_.52.0674b15: 質文者聖人之所以適變而救敝也。質文本 T2115_.52.0674b16: 正而末敝也。質如不敝何以文爲。文如不正 T2115_.52.0674b17: 何以質爲。故吾所謂文者。蓋言文治之正也。 T2115_.52.0674b18: 孔子曰。虞夏之質。殷周之文至矣。曰言文將 T2115_.52.0674b19: 無用乎。曰孰不用也。人文至焉。言文次焉。以 T2115_.52.0674b20: 言文而驗其人。人其廋哉。以人文而驗其世。 T2115_.52.0674b21: 世其廋哉。故人文者天下之道之所存也。言 T2115_.52.0674b22: 文者聖賢之志之所寓也。先天下而後聖賢 T2115_.52.0674b23: 者。聖賢發己矣。天下至公也。故公者至而己 T2115_.52.0674b24: 者次也。孰曰言文其無用乎 T2115_.52.0674b25: 性徳 T2115_.52.0674b26: 性生人者之自得者也。命生人者之得於天 T2115_.52.0674b27: 者也。徳能正其生人者也。藝能資其生人者 T2115_.52.0674b28: 也。然性命有厚薄。而徳藝有大小也。性命 T2115_.52.0674b29: 者生所雖得而未嘗全得其厚薄者也。徳藝 T2115_.52.0674c01: 者人所宜能而未必全能其大小者也。古之 T2115_.52.0674c02: 人厚其性而薄其命有也。而古人不惑。古之 T2115_.52.0674c03: 人達於藝而窮於徳有也。而古人不亂。故曰 T2115_.52.0674c04: 聖賢無全徳。君子無全能。有其内而無其外。 T2115_.52.0674c05: 聖賢之所以無全徳也。能於徳而不能於藝。 T2115_.52.0674c06: 君子之所以無全能也。徳上也藝下也。君子 T2115_.52.0674c07: 修其上而正其下也。故其不必工於百工而 T2115_.52.0674c08: 尊於百工也。性内也命外也。聖賢正其性而 T2115_.52.0674c09: 任其命。故其窮之不憂。而通之不疑也伊尹 T2115_.52.0674c10: 古之賢人也。方耕于莘佃。佃之耕夫以其能 T2115_.52.0674c11: 尚之。而伊尹不敢與之校。呂望古之賢人也。 T2115_.52.0674c12: 方漁于棘津。津之漁人以其能尚之。而呂望 T2115_.52.0674c13: 不敢與之校。迨乎二子徳顯于商周也。而天 T2115_.52.0674c14: 下百姓由之正矣。孔子古之聖人也。方力聘 T2115_.52.0674c15: 之秋猶一旅人而不暇息也。方時命大謬而 T2115_.52.0674c16: 亂物物焉不失其道也。顏子子思原憲孟軻 T2115_.52.0674c17: 古之賢人也。窮於幽閻委巷樂然將終其身。 T2115_.52.0674c18: 而衆子也不易其樂。夫徳也者。總仁義忠孝 T2115_.52.0674c19: 之謂也。性也者。原道徳思慮之謂也。仁義忠 T2115_.52.0674c20: 孝修而足以推於人矣。君子之學。學其正也。 T2115_.52.0674c21: 何必多乎。道徳思慮明。而足以安其生矣。聖 T2115_.52.0674c22: 賢之盡。盡其生也。何必皆乎。是故聖賢之世。 T2115_.52.0674c23: 而占相卜祝者無所張其巧也。君子之前。而 T2115_.52.0674c24: 孫呉申商者無所夸其法也。夏人之學曰教。 T2115_.52.0674c25: 殷人之學曰序。周人之學曰庠。夫三代之學 T2115_.52.0674c26: 皆所以詔人而學於徳也。徳義者學之本也。 T2115_.52.0674c27: 文藝者學之末也。三代之盛其教天下所以 T2115_.52.0674c28: 學其本也。三代之敝其教天下所以學其末 T2115_.52.0674c29: 也。學末故天下皆僞也。學本故天下皆厚也。 T2115_.52.0675a01: 是故君子貴其敦本也。聖賢貴其盡理也。古 T2115_.52.0675a02: 人有言曰。晋楚之富不可及也。彼以其富我 T2115_.52.0675a03: 以吾仁。彼以其爵我以吾義。吾何慊哉。古人 T2115_.52.0675a04: 有言。樂天知命吾何憂乎。窮理盡性吾何疑 T2115_.52.0675a05: 乎 T2115_.52.0675a06: 存心 T2115_.52.0675a07: 教人者正其所存。能教也。存心者省其所感。 T2115_.52.0675a08: 能存也。存心乎善則善類應之。存心乎惡則 T2115_.52.0675a09: 惡類應之。心其非定象也。在其所存者也。應 T2115_.52.0675a10: 之非定名也。在其所感者也。其所感苟存而 T2115_.52.0675a11: 應之。豈不速乎而感應之數未始跌也。吾嘗 T2115_.52.0675a12: 驗之。其人聞其爲心始善而人鮮不愛之也。 T2115_.52.0675a13: 聞其爲心始惡而人鮮不惡之也。雖喜怒未 T2115_.52.0675a14: 出其己而彼之愛惡已來。故存心者必愼其 T2115_.52.0675a15: 所以感之者也。而辯人者必觀其所以應之 T2115_.52.0675a16: 者也。是以聖人感人心而天下和平。故曰。觀 T2115_.52.0675a17: 其所感。而天地萬物之情可見矣。有人于此 T2115_.52.0675a18: 曰。人莫之知以惡心而欺人。迨惡積而禍至。 T2115_.52.0675a19: 孰曰心不可知乎。有人于此曰。心不可欺。以 T2115_.52.0675a20: 善心而待人。迨善積而福至。孰曰人可欺乎。 T2115_.52.0675a21: 故曰。禍福與善惡相交也。嗚呼人無全信久 T2115_.52.0675a22: 矣哉。信其所心而不信其所感也。夫天地至 T2115_.52.0675a23: 遠而誠感之通。性理至神而物感之滅。堯舜 T2115_.52.0675a24: 不家勸而天下厚。厚之感也。桀紂不人誘而 T2115_.52.0675a25: 天下僞。僞感之也。感應之謂其可忽乎。休徴 T2115_.52.0675a26: 者所以應。其善政之所感也。咎徴者所以應。 T2115_.52.0675a27: 其惡政之所感也。五福者善人所存。吉之驗 T2115_.52.0675a28: 也。六極者惡人所存。凶之驗也。天人相與未 T2115_.52.0675a29: 嘗睽也。吁豈天爲之。人實召之。夫政者示天 T2115_.52.0675b01: 下之同之者也。萬民之所由也。政之善惡民 T2115_.52.0675b02: 所以而從之者也。故驗之雨暘燠寒風。五者 T2115_.52.0675b03: 示天下之同之者也。人者一身之自也。人之 T2115_.52.0675b04: 善惡。身所以而振之者也。驗之福極者。示一 T2115_.52.0675b05: 身之自之者也。方諸感月而水焉。陽燧感日 T2115_.52.0675b06: 而火焉。雲從龍也。風從虎也。南人發歌而
T2115_.52.0675b09: 感。故幽明一通。是故存心于賢而賢至。存心 T2115_.52.0675b10: 于不肖而不肖來。存心于親則其子孝。存心 T2115_.52.0675b11: 于學則其徒勸。所謂出乎爾反乎爾者。斯言 T2115_.52.0675b12: 近之 T2115_.52.0675b13: 福解 T2115_.52.0675b14: 世之曰福。專利而言之者也。吾之曰福。專道 T2115_.52.0675b15: 而言之者也。利道故而判福爲兩端焉。利福 T2115_.52.0675b16: 者嘗多有也。道福者嘗寡有也。多謂衆人也。 T2115_.52.0675b17: 寡謂聖賢也。故曰聖賢之福聖賢之所得也。 T2115_.52.0675b18: 衆人之福衆人之所得也。聖賢所得而聖賢樂 T2115_.52.0675b19: 之。衆人所得而衆人欲之。欲之故天下競利 T2115_.52.0675b20: 也。樂之故天下安性也。是故世之人。無樂之 T2115_.52.0675b21: 者。不爲樂也。有欲之者。非爲安也。得聖賢之 T2115_.52.0675b22: 得謂之重也。得衆人之得謂之輕也。重所重 T2115_.52.0675b23: 所以率天下敦道也。輕所輕所以教天下薄 T2115_.52.0675b24: 利也。齊侯楚子其富貴天下不逮也。及其以 T2115_.52.0675b25: 之與侯相爭相殺也。雖曰福之其實禍之。顏 T2115_.52.0675b26: 回原憲其貧賤天下之至也。及其樂道全徳 T2115_.52.0675b27: 而後世慕其美名也。雖曰極之其實福之。今 T2115_.52.0675b28: 世俗視君子之樂然其身不振曰。福奚爲聖 T2115_.52.0675b29: 賢邪。視高明之家恣勢充欲曰。唯福也將跋 T2115_.52.0675c01: 意而圖其富貴。是安福之謂乎。使天下之相 T2115_.52.0675c02: 率背道而趨利。斯言者之罪也。夫聖賢之福。 T2115_.52.0675c03: 福之本也。衆人之福。福之末也。修本以來末 T2115_.52.0675c04: 者古人有之。舜其是也。以末而行本者古人 T2115_.52.0675c05: 有之。周公其是也。猶吾先聖人曰道爲福基。 T2115_.52.0675c06: 可以修行也矣。故君子有道而無富貴曰時 T2115_.52.0675c07: 也。而君子不慊。有富貴而無道曰忝也。君子 T2115_.52.0675c08: 恥之。富貴而有道。君子廣之也。後世舍聖賢 T2115_.52.0675c09: 而從衆人。不亦輕本而重末乎。本末顛倒則 T2115_.52.0675c10: 天孰與厚也哉 T2115_.52.0675c11: 評隱 T2115_.52.0675c12: 文王太伯其同道者哉。文王始之。事紂其隱 T2115_.52.0675c13: 徳焉。泰伯終之。遜呉其隱名焉。君子之出處 T2115_.52.0675c14: 語默也。皆所以訓也。文王太伯之同道同其 T2115_.52.0675c15: 作訓也。故曰。世亂隱徳世。治隱名。隱名者 T2115_.52.0675c16: 所以警其爭名者也。隱徳者所以遠其害徳 T2115_.52.0675c17: 者也。遠害者聖人之時也。警爭者聖人之化 T2115_.52.0675c18: 也。化以感人。其聖人之至徳也。時以教人。其 T2115_.52.0675c19: 聖人之大義也。微大義則後世之君臣安得 T2115_.52.0675c20: 以其道全也。微至徳則後世之昭穆安得以 T2115_.52.0675c21: 其禮序也。天地之道遠也。其生可見而其所 T2115_.52.0675c22: 以生不可見也。聖賢之道亦遠也。其爲可見 T2115_.52.0675c23: 而其所以爲不可見也。辯生曰。有許由者。輕 T2115_.52.0675c24: 天下而遯去。其義高而其事疑也。苟事誠而 T2115_.52.0675c25: 義博。亦可以媿其盜國者之心乎。曰若由者 T2115_.52.0675c26: 苟不爲也。未若聖人之爲不苟也。可爲則爲 T2115_.52.0675c27: 之也。不可爲則不爲之也。是故舜依乎中庸 T2115_.52.0675c28: 而隱也。可則行之否則已之舜哉至矣。不失 T2115_.52.0675c29: 其道也。一郷之賢隱。則其郷之禮可知也。一 T2115_.52.0676a01: 書之道隱。則其書之文可知也。故謂文。必 T2115_.52.0676a02: 工。文不工則失其道也。謂禮必修也。禮不修 T2115_.52.0676a03: 則失其賢也。是故一天下之治亂由賢人之 T2115_.52.0676a04: 隱見而所以章也。可不重乎。一賢人之動靜 T2115_.52.0676a05: 將天下之教化而所以勸也。可不愼乎。呂望 T2115_.52.0676a06: 東海之隱。稱隱也。伯夷西山之隱。憤隱也。顏 T2115_.52.0676a07: 回之隱。不須時不怨世。樂隱也。原憲之隱。不 T2115_.52.0676a08: 卑論以儕俗。驕隱也。四皓之隱。去以避亂。來 T2115_.52.0676a09: 以補政。達隱也。谷口鄭子眞修隱也。成都嚴 T2115_.52.0676a10: 君平和隱也。曼倩隱於朝玩隱也。子雲隱於 T2115_.52.0676a11: 官苟隱也。孫思邈盧鴻一處不汚道出不屈 T2115_.52.0676a12: 節。高隱也。張果之隱。詭隱也李泌者身朝而
T2115_.52.0676a15: 喩用 T2115_.52.0676a16: 水固勝火。而善固勝惡也。苟用之不得其道。 T2115_.52.0676a17: 雖水火善惡亦不可得其勝矣。水之制火。必 T2115_.52.0676a18: 於火之方然而水可勝矣。善之制惡。必於惡 T2115_.52.0676a19: 之未形而善可勝矣。及其惡至乎不可掩。而 T2115_.52.0676a20: 欲推善以救惡。火至乎不可熄。而欲激水以 T2115_.52.0676a21: 沃火。其勢可勝之乎。君子小人者其善惡之 T2115_.52.0676a22: 所出者也。是故君子用則其政善。小人用則 T2115_.52.0676a23: 其政惡也。斯欲政善而專用小人。曁其惡熾 T2115_.52.0676a24: 至乎暴戻。上下欲君子而拯之也。是奚異乎 T2115_.52.0676a25: 激水而沃者邪。雖有彦聖之人如彼堯舜禹。 T2115_.52.0676a26: 吾知其無如之何也。故古之善用人者用君 T2115_.52.0676a27: 子必先而小人必後。君子先用。善得以而制 T2115_.52.0676a28: 惡也。小人後使。惡得以而遷善也。禮不容 T2115_.52.0676a29: 小人加乎君子。不使不肖高於其賢。所以隆 T2115_.52.0676b01: 善而沮惡也。詩云。我心匪石。不可轉也。我心 T2115_.52.0676b02: 匪席。不可卷也。威儀棣棣。不可選也。憂心悄 T2115_.52.0676b03: 悄。慍于群小。遇閔既多。受侮不少。靜言思 T2115_.52.0676b04: 之。寤辟有標。我心匪石。不可轉也者。君子有 T2115_.52.0676b05: 志可以與守也。威儀棣棣不可選也者。君子 T2115_.52.0676b06: 有法可以與爲也。憂心悄悄慍于群小者。惡 T2115_.52.0676b07: 小人之加乎君子也。遇閔既多受侮不少者。 T2115_.52.0676b08: 疾小人之玩政也。靜言思之寤辟有標者。怨 T2115_.52.0676b09: 不用君子也。雖小人之道不能。不加於盛徳 T2115_.52.0676b10: 之家。雖君子之道不能。不沮於已破之國。用 T2115_.52.0676b11: 舍之政然也。一小人壞之于其前。雖百君子 T2115_.52.0676b12: 莫能修之于其後。一君子治之于其上。雖百 T2115_.52.0676b13: 小人莫能亂之于其下。邪正之勢然也。越之 T2115_.52.0676b14: 漁者使其子漁于夷溪。鄙者專之。能者散之
T2115_.52.0676b17: 物宜 T2115_.52.0676b18: 君子發身。以道不以財。庶人謀生。以力不以 T2115_.52.0676b19: 詐。大夫趨事。以義不以利。是三者正。然後天 T2115_.52.0676b20: 下可以觀王道也。夫王道也者正宜也。小大 T2115_.52.0676b21: 之物正其宜則何有乎亂世也。夫道義固君 T2115_.52.0676b22: 子大夫之所宜也。利力固庶人之所宜也。曰 T2115_.52.0676b23: 君子而專財。曰大夫而專利。曰庶人而玩智 T2115_.52.0676b24: 詐。是喪其宜也矣。大夫處上猶衣也。庶人處 T2115_.52.0676b25: 下猶裳也。上宜衣而下宜裳必也。苟上而下 T2115_.52.0676b26: 之。下而上之。不亦倒且亂乎。道其何効哉。冉 T2115_.52.0676b27: 求嘗爲季氏宰。爲季氏而聚斂。孔子惡之曰。 T2115_.52.0676b28: 求非吾徒也。小子鳴鼓而攻之。若求者以人 T2115_.52.0676b29: 而利之。尚不容於君子而如此也。矧以己而 T2115_.52.0676c01: 利之。孰可容乎。孟子曰。上下交征利而國危 T2115_.52.0676c02: 矣亮乎安國家天下者。在義不在利也 T2115_.52.0676c03: 善惡 T2115_.52.0676c04: 有形之惡小也。不形之惡大也。有名之善次 T2115_.52.0676c05: 也。無名之善至也。有名之善。教而後仁者也。 T2115_.52.0676c06: 無名之善。非教而仁者也。有形之惡殺人者 T2115_.52.0676c07: 也。不形之惡讒人者也。讒人之惡存其心。殺 T2115_.52.0676c08: 人之惡存其事。事可辦而心不可見也。教 T2115_.52.0676c09: 者情也。非教者性也。情可移而性不可變也。 T2115_.52.0676c10: 玩隣人之子也好語誘之可以喜。惡語激之 T2115_.52.0676c11: 可以怒。及其趨於父母也。雖美惡之言而 T2115_.52.0676c12: 不能親疏之也。其盜跖膳人肉而人皆能惡 T2115_.52.0676c13: 之。少正卯顯於朝而衆不能辨之。是故君子 T2115_.52.0676c14: 善善也。必審其名同。惡惡也。必辨其情異。夫 T2115_.52.0676c15: 賞罰者所以正善惡也。聰明不能盡其善惡。 T2115_.52.0676c16: 則不足與議賞罰也故察讒在微。誅讒在持。 T2115_.52.0676c17: 刑殺宜議。性善者宜任。情善者宜使。察讒不 T2115_.52.0676c18: 微則不能觀其。心之所之也。誅讒不持則不 T2115_.52.0676c19: 能遏其大惡也。刑殺不議則不能究其誠也。 T2115_.52.0676c20: 任性善則安危不振也。使情善則威福不專 T2115_.52.0676c21: 也。善善得其宜也。則大賢盡其徳而小賢盡 T2115_.52.0676c22: 其才也。惡惡得其所也。則讒人悛其心而殺 T2115_.52.0676c23: 人伏其罪也。孰有正善惡而治道不至乎哉 T2115_.52.0676c24: 性情 T2115_.52.0676c25: 性貴乎靜。故性變而不可太易。情患乎煩。故 T2115_.52.0676c26: 情發而不可太早。太早則傷和。太易則傷中。 T2115_.52.0676c27: 反中和則陰陽繆。損民壽而物多疵癘。是故 T2115_.52.0676c28: 聖人之隆治也。仁以厚人性。義以節人情。是 T2115_.52.0676c29: 所以陰陽和而遂生物者也。禮教二十而冠 T2115_.52.0677a01: 者。蓋以其神盛而可以用思慮也。教三十而 T2115_.52.0677a02: 娶者。蓋以其氣充而可以勝配耦也。故古之 T2115_.52.0677a03: 君子觀陰陽而所以知其性情之得失。觀情 T2115_.52.0677a04: 性所以知聖人之道行否。然後以其得失究 T2115_.52.0677a05: 其本末相與人主起天下之病癖。雖伊尹匹 T2115_.52.0677a06: 夫之賤。而猶曰匹夫匹婦。有不被堯舜之澤。 T2115_.52.0677a07: 若已推而納諸溝中。嘗五就桀五干湯而不 T2115_.52.0677a08: 沮。其以天下自任如此之勤也。今天下之民 T2115_.52.0677a09: 方髫髻未剪。而以利害相欺父母則悚之。唯 T2115_.52.0677a10: 其姦巧之不早也。僅童而男已室女已家。過 T2115_.52.0677a11: 之則淫奔。是不亦性變之太易乎。情發之太 T2115_.52.0677a12: 早乎。將不有所傷乎。欲世蹈中和。則何異乎 T2115_.52.0677a13: 適胡而南轅。其安能至之也。吾觀陰陽繆則 T2115_.52.0677a14: 寒暑風雨庸有及時。百穀種植。未始不疾其 T2115_.52.0677a15: 人。則斃夭者世嘗多有。而仁壽者寡焉。適見 T2115_.52.0677a16: 情性失之之効也。人失情性既如此也。而聖 T2115_.52.0677a17: 人之道行也。豈曰至乎。謨者尚曰。天下甚寧。 T2115_.52.0677a18: 是亦諛也。而嚚嚚不肯知其失操。其本爲人 T2115_.52.0677a19: 主。起天下之病。則又奚貴其當時者。古語曰 T2115_.52.0677a20: 日中則。操刀則害。言適用於當時也。若伊 T2115_.52.0677a21: 尹始窮賤之不暇。彼欲適用。豈當用邪。而伊 T2115_.52.0677a22: 尹爲之。今乘適用之時。攝當用之柄。而不肯 T2115_.52.0677a23: 爲之。不亦爲伊尹愧乎 T2115_.52.0677a24: 九流 T2115_.52.0677a25: 儒家者流其道尚備。老氏者流其道尚簡。陰 T2115_.52.0677a26: 陽家者流其道尚時。墨家者流其道尚節。法 T2115_.52.0677a27: 家者流其道尚嚴。名家者流其道尚察。縱横 T2115_.52.0677a28: 家者流其道尚變。雜家者流其道尚通。農家 T2115_.52.0677a29: 者流其道尚足。然皆有所短長也。苟拂短而 T2115_.52.0677b01: 會長。亦足以資治道也。班固本其所出尊儒 T2115_.52.0677b02: 也。司馬遷會其所歸尊始也。尊始者其心弘 T2115_.52.0677b03: 也。尊儒者其心專也。固嘗非馬氏以其先。黄 T2115_.52.0677b04: 老爲甚繆。是亦固不見其尊儒之至者也。若 T2115_.52.0677b05: 黄帝之道其在易矣。易也者萬物之本。六藝 T2115_.52.0677b06: 之原也。其先之不亦宜乎。豈班氏之智亦有 T2115_.52.0677b07: 所不及乎。伯夷之所長者清。而所短者隘。柳 T2115_.52.0677b08: 下惠之所長者和。而所短者不恭。孟子尊二 T2115_.52.0677b09: 子之所長。則曰聖人百世之師也。伯夷柳下 T2115_.52.0677b10: 惠是也。遷之心抑亦與孟氏合矣。故君子善 T2115_.52.0677b11: 之 T2115_.52.0677b12: 四端 T2115_.52.0677b13: 司馬長卿楊子雲。其人其文皆世之稱也。及 T2115_.52.0677b14: 楊子爲劇秦美新。長卿爲封禪書也。封禪 T2115_.52.0677b15: 之言怪乎淫徒。加其夸大之心者也。美新之 T2115_.52.0677b16: 言苟言也。記曰。國無道其默足以容賢而不 T2115_.52.0677b17: 默孰與默邪。是皆不宜爲而爲之也。晁錯論 T2115_.52.0677b18: 五帝三王之道諧其極也。宜賢于管子仲晏 T2115_.52.0677b19: 子嬰。及其請削諸侯之封。舌未卷而晁氏以 T2115_.52.0677b20: 赤其族。蓋時未可言而言之也。東方朔枚乘 T2115_.52.0677b21: 其才俊坌涌飛書走檄不足其奮筆。然皆不 T2115_.52.0677b22: 能効一官就一政。蓋徒才而不得其實能也。 T2115_.52.0677b23: 劉向劉歆皆漢室之賢儒曁治傳也。父子各 T2115_.52.0677b24: 專師説而家自是非。蓋得道而不得其極也。 T2115_.52.0677b25: 道而不極非道也。才而不効徒才也。發而不 T2115_.52.0677b26: 時逆理也。爲而不宜失義也。是故事貴合宜。 T2115_.52.0677b27: 智貴識時。器貴適用。法貴折中。中也者道義 T2115_.52.0677b28: 之端也。用也者器効之端也。時也者動靜之 T2115_.52.0677b29: 端也。宜也者事制之端也。四端者君子之道 T2115_.52.0677c01: 之至者也。善學者不得其端不盡也。善爲者 T2115_.52.0677c02: 不得其端不擧也。是故古之聖賢學道而有 T2115_.52.0677c03: 道。興事而濟事。存其端而已漢。世之二三子 T2115_.52.0677c04: 雖激昂而無所成其徳。抑亦未得端而然也 T2115_.52.0677c05: 鐔津文集卷第六 T2115_.52.0677c06: T2115_.52.0677c07: T2115_.52.0677c08: T2115_.52.0677c09: T2115_.52.0677c10: 藤州鐔津東山沙門契嵩撰 T2115_.52.0677c11: 論原 T2115_.52.0677c12: 中正 T2115_.52.0677c13: 物理得所謂之中。天下不欺謂之正。適中則 T2115_.52.0677c14: 天下無過事也。履正則天下無亂人也。中正 T2115_.52.0677c15: 也者王道之本也。仁義道徳之紀也。人以強 T2115_.52.0677c16: 弱愛惡亂其倫。而聖人作之教道以致人於 T2115_.52.0677c17: 中正者也。教者効也。道者導也。示之以仁義。 T2115_.52.0677c18: 使人所以効之也。示之以禮樂名器。導人所 T2115_.52.0677c19: 以趨之也。洪範曰。會其有極歸其有極。此君 T2115_.52.0677c20: 子所以自行其道者也。時人斯其唯皇之極。 T2115_.52.0677c21: 此君子所以進人趨其道者也。詩云。士也罔 T2115_.52.0677c22: 極。二三其徳。此君子所以惡人不由是而適 T2115_.52.0677c23: 其道者也。是故治人者。非以中正存其誠。則 T2115_.52.0677c24: 不足以與議仁義禮法也。教人者不以中正修 T2115_.52.0677c25: 其誠。則亦不可以與議仁義禮法也。夫聖人 T2115_.52.0677c26: 之法猶衡也斗也。而持之在人者也。持之不 T2115_.52.0677c27: 得其人。器雖中正而人得以欺之也。金石之 T2115_.52.0677c28: 音中正。則其所響也震。而其所應也和。人之 T2115_.52.0677c29: 誠中正。則其所作也至。而其所感也詳。是故 T2115_.52.0678a01: 古之君子也謹其所守行其所得。雖貧賤也。 T2115_.52.0678a02: 處其窮閭幽室而不渝也。雖富貴也。乘崇高 T2115_.52.0678a03: 之勢當天下之尊而不變也。及其感物也。不 T2115_.52.0678a04: 威而人畏。不語而人信。不勞心不役力而其 T2115_.52.0678a05: 教化行者。鬼神助之。天地祐之。曷其然也。蓋 T2115_.52.0678a06: 天地之理與人同也。何以同乎其中正者也 T2115_.52.0678a07: 明分 T2115_.52.0678a08: 萬物有數大小有分。以數知變化之故。以分 T2115_.52.0678a09: 見天地之理。是故君子於天道無所惑焉。於 T2115_.52.0678a10: 人道無所疑焉。氣凝而生。生則有飮食。氣散 T2115_.52.0678a11: 而死。死則與土靡。是人道之分也。穹隆無窮。 T2115_.52.0678a12: 日月星辰而已。餘物不容。是天道之分也。載
T2115_.52.0678a16: 海可入。黄金可以巧成。噏雲氣與神遇而不 T2115_.52.0678a17: 死。是焉知變化之故而見天地之理乎。雖庸 T2115_.52.0678a18: 人亦謂其不然也。而齊威燕昭秦王漢武。紛 T2115_.52.0678a19: 綸趨之。留連而忘返。亂巡狩之制。繆祭祀之 T2115_.52.0678a20: 禮。孰謂是四人主者聰明聖智度越於庸人 T2115_.52.0678a21: 乎。天道大公也。人道大同也。同者同其死生 T2115_.52.0678a22: 也。公者公其與人相絶也。苟其公衆人而私 T2115_.52.0678a23: 一人。孰謂天乎。苟其同形生而獨不死。豈謂 T2115_.52.0678a24: 人乎。是故聖人皆罕語天道。蓋不以天而惑 T2115_.52.0678a25: 人者也。嘗正祭祀。蓋不以人而涜神道者也 T2115_.52.0678a26: 察勢 T2115_.52.0678a27: 兼金百鎰借盜而監守。雖未亡金其隣人固 T2115_.52.0678a28: 以疑矣。臨赤子于不測之淵。雖未溺子其父 T2115_.52.0678a29: 母固以憂矣。然其勢既當憂且疑也。而人不 T2115_.52.0678b01: 得不憂疑也。夫威權者天下之利器也。其重 T2115_.52.0678b02: 豈直乎百鎰之金乎。而委之于佞倖不肖之 T2115_.52.0678b03: 人。佞倖豈直盜乎。而昔君子不疑。百萬師旅。 T2115_.52.0678b04: 其性命之衆。豈直乎一赤子之生乎。而暴之 T2115_.52.0678b05: 于戎狄之鄙。戎狄豈直乎不測之淵乎。而昔 T2115_.52.0678b06: 君子不憂。然往古其國亂且亡者。曷嘗不因 T2115_.52.0678b07: 乎可疑而不疑者邪。可憂而不憂者邪。往古 T2115_.52.0678b08: 能存其國者。亦曷嘗不因乎疑可疑憂可憂 T2115_.52.0678b09: 者邪。或曰。疑如之何。曰疑之不如斂其柄而 T2115_.52.0678b10: 正之。曰憂如之何。曰憂之不如保民推恩而 T2115_.52.0678b11: 布信。曰曩豈無恩信邪。而戎狄不懷。曰曩之 T2115_.52.0678b12: 恩信者聲而未實也。必得仁人而後恩加。必 T2115_.52.0678b13: 得義人而後信行。彼守鄙者。孰誠仁乎。孰誠 T2115_.52.0678b14: 義乎 T2115_.52.0678b15: 刑勢 T2115_.52.0678b16: 勢以刑張。其亡也速。刑以勢行。其濫也甚。堯 T2115_.52.0678b17: 舜非無刑於天下也。而天下不怨。蓋用其刑。 T2115_.52.0678b18: 以徳不以勢也。桀紂非無勢於天下也。而天 T2115_.52.0678b19: 下忽亡。蓋張其勢。不以徳而以刑也。夫物莫 T2115_.52.0678b20: 不有勢也。而國家朝廷之勢。勢之大也。世莫 T2115_.52.0678b21: 不有刑也。而堯舜之刑。刑之正也。駕大勢以 T2115_.52.0678b22: 刑民。民雖苟而不服。秦氏以刑懼天下。而道 T2115_.52.0678b23: 路無敢偶言。方二世而秦亡。武王奮其威以 T2115_.52.0678b24: 誅紂。有天下不啻三十世。然其用刑一也。而 T2115_.52.0678b25: 延促之數不鈞者。蓋其所以用之者異也。故 T2115_.52.0678b26: 古之君子其在人之上者。崇徳而不崇勢。其 T2115_.52.0678b27: 在人之下者。不務其勢而務其徳也。所以 T2115_.52.0678b28: 爲刑正而爲政治也。後世則反于是矣。爲人 T2115_.52.0678b29: 上者以刑而鼓勢。爲人下者乘勢而侮刑。欲 T2115_.52.0678c01: 人無怨。其可得乎 T2115_.52.0678c02: 君子 T2115_.52.0678c03: 有客問曰。君子之學有所欲乎。曰有。而客笑 T2115_.52.0678c04: 曰。君子亦有欲邪。曰然。君子學欲至而道欲 T2115_.52.0678c05: 正。正則於事無繆。至則於心無惑。是故君子 T2115_.52.0678c06: 安安終其身而無競。小人則不爾。小人學欲 T2115_.52.0678c07: 利而道欲售。售則不能無繆於事。利則不能 T2115_.52.0678c08: 無惑於心。是故小人忽忽終其身而自役。此 T2115_.52.0678c09: 堯舜與人同。而聖賢所以與人異者也。客拜 T2115_.52.0678c10: 而去 T2115_.52.0678c11: 知人 T2115_.52.0678c12: 知其人而不能育之。非智也。愛其人而不能 T2115_.52.0678c13: 教之。非義也。善其人而不能試之。非信也。任 T2115_.52.0678c14: 其人而不能全之。非仁也。育賢者智之實也。 T2115_.52.0678c15: 教賢者愛之正也。用賢者善之効也。全賢者 T2115_.52.0678c16: 任之功也。任而無功。孰爲仁乎。善而無効。孰 T2115_.52.0678c17: 爲信乎。愛而不正。孰爲義乎。育而無實。孰爲 T2115_.52.0678c18: 智乎。君子之與人也。不失智。不虧義。不愆 T2115_.52.0678c19: 信。不歉仁。所以道修而徳備身。名尊而天下 T2115_.52.0678c20: 稱之。故曰知賢不如養賢。養賢不如教賢。教 T2115_.52.0678c21: 賢不如用賢。用賢不如成賢。成賢者終也。知 T2115_.52.0678c22: 賢者始也。終始者天地四時存而不忒也。人 T2115_.52.0678c23: 其不愼乎。與其失始寧與其得終。又不若終 T2115_.52.0678c24: 始之爲休也。齊桓公初以讐視管仲。逮取以 T2115_.52.0678c25: 爲相。遂同覇天下。桓公所謂不能始而能終 T2115_.52.0678c26: 也。漢文帝喜得賈生。慨得之之晩也。及其以 T2115_.52.0678c27: 絳灌之惡出而疏之。卒無大用文帝可謂能 T2115_.52.0678c28: 始而不能終乎。殷之高宗起傅説於刑人。資 T2115_.52.0678c29: 以治天下。天下至今以聖相稽之。高宗可謂 T2115_.52.0679a01: 能始而能終也 T2115_.52.0679a02: 品論 T2115_.52.0679a03: 唐史以房杜方蕭曹。然房杜文雅有餘。蕭曹 T2115_.52.0679a04: 王佐不足。徳則房杜至之矣。觀房則半才。視 T2115_.52.0679a05: 杜則純道。君子曰。杜益賢也。姚崇宋璟其不 T2115_.52.0679a06: 逮丙魏乎。姚宋道不勝才而魏則厭兵。丙則 T2115_.52.0679a07: 知相。燕公文過始興。而公正不及大將軍光 T2115_.52.0679a08: 不若狄梁公之終無私也。袁安之寛厚則婁 T2115_.52.0679a09: 相近之正與仁則異施房琯顏眞卿方之李固 T2115_.52.0679a10: 陳蕃。其世道雖異。而守忠持正一也。汾陽王 T2115_.52.0679a11: 省武而尚信。仁人也。叚大尉忠勇相顧。義人 T2115_.52.0679a12: 也。晋公終始不伐仁人也。荀子之言近辨也。 T2115_.52.0679a13: 盡善而未盡美。當性惡禪讓。過其言也。楊子 T2115_.52.0679a14: 之言能言也。自謂窮理而盡性。洎其遇亂而 T2115_.52.0679a15: 投閣。則與乎子路曾子之所處死異矣哉。太 T2115_.52.0679a16: 史公言雖博。而道有歸。班氏則未至也。宜乎 T2115_.52.0679a17: 世所謂固不如遷之良史也。賈傅抗王制而 T2115_.52.0679a18: 正漢法。美夫。宜無有加者焉。三表五餌之術。 T2115_.52.0679a19: 班固論其疏矣誠疏也。董膠西之對策。美哉 T2115_.52.0679a20: 得正而合極。所謂王者之佐。非爲過也。繁露 T2115_.52.0679a21: 之言。則有可取也。有可舍也。相如之文麗。義 T2115_.52.0679a22: 寡而詞繁。詞人之文也。王充之言。立異也。桓 T2115_.52.0679a23: 寛之言。趨公也。韓吏部之文。文之傑也。其爲 T2115_.52.0679a24: 原鬼讀墨何爲也。柳子厚之文。文之豪也。剔 T2115_.52.0679a25: 其繁則至矣。正符詩尤至也。李習之之文平
T2115_.52.0679a28: 子或有所取也。李元賓之文。詞人之文也。皇
T2115_.52.0679b02: 歟。徐穉之爲人。哲人也。識時變而愼動靜焉。 T2115_.52.0679b03: 袁奉高之遁世也。不忘孝。不傷和。中庸之士 T2115_.52.0679b04: 也。論曰。引其器所以稽其範之工拙。辨其 T2115_.52.0679b05: 人所以示其道之至否。然範工資世之所用。 T2115_.52.0679b06: 道至正世之所師。所師得則聖賢之事隆。而 T2115_.52.0679b07: 異端之説息也。是故君子區之別之是之非 T2115_.52.0679b08: 之。俟有所補也。豈徒爾哉。記曰。文理密察。
T2115_.52.0679b11: 解譏 T2115_.52.0679b12: 爲人雖同而同趨於亂。可以拒也。而不拒傷 T2115_.52.0679b13: 容也。爲道雖異。而同趨於治。可以與也。而不 T2115_.52.0679b14: 與傷拘也。君子以義則無所傷也。適吾郝子 T2115_.52.0679b15: 本至心天下。正情性者也。推至仁天下。全性 T2115_.52.0679b16: 命者也。資之治抑亦極矣。世儒援其末而固 T2115_.52.0679b17: 排之。豈不傷歟。謂君子可乎哉。仲尼曰。吾道 T2115_.52.0679b18: 一以貫之。聖人之微言也。吾嘗盡之矣。安得 T2115_.52.0679b19: 中庸之士與之語 T2115_.52.0679b20: 風俗 T2115_.52.0679b21: 秦人用進取之法。而其俗人人欲自富。至有 T2115_.52.0679b22: 婦不假姑以箕帚而詬病。漢人用鹽鐵代農。
T2115_.52.0679b25: 秦俗日以亂。漢俗日以敝。夫秦漢其基勢。豈 T2115_.52.0679b26: 不大且固也。而卒亡亂。蓋傷其風壞其俗而 T2115_.52.0679b27: 致然也。風俗者膚腠也。國家者人體也。膚腠 T2115_.52.0679b28: 既敝而其體能不亡乎。是故先王不擧不法 T2115_.52.0679b29: 之物。愼習俗也。詩曰。無以大康職思其居。好 T2115_.52.0679c01: 樂無荒。良士瞿瞿。蓋言動以禮義以正其風 T2115_.52.0679c02: 俗也。今流俗之人苟効自託之功。以利而削 T2115_.52.0679c03: 民。使閭里翕然肖之。以利而相高。不亦傷風 T2115_.52.0679c04: 乎。不亦敗俗乎。君子不亦憂乎 T2115_.52.0679c05: 仁孝 T2115_.52.0679c06: 父子不以道。雖禽獸亦能親。則君子何以別 T2115_.52.0679c07: 乎。是故聖人愛子以義謂之仁。事父以禮謂 T2115_.52.0679c08: 之孝。舜之爲子。文王之爲父。可謂仁孝者也。 T2115_.52.0679c09: 天下宜法 T2115_.52.0679c10: 問經 T2115_.52.0679c11: 問曰。史謂易與春秋天道也。然則春秋易尤 T2115_.52.0679c12: 至於詩書禮經乎。予欲尊而專之。子謂之何 T2115_.52.0679c13: 如。曰豈然乎。五經皆至也。奚止乎易春秋邪。 T2115_.52.0679c14: 夫五經之治。猶五行之成陰陽也。苟一失 T2115_.52.0679c15: 則乾坤之道繆矣。乃今尊二經而舍乎詩書 T2115_.52.0679c16: 禮。則治道不亦缺如。禮者皇極之形容也。 T2115_.52.0679c17: 詩者教化之効也。書者事業之存也。易者天 T2115_.52.0679c18: 人之極也。春秋者賞罰之衡也。故善言春秋 T2115_.52.0679c19: 者必根乎賞罰。善言易者必本乎天人。善言 T2115_.52.0679c20: 書者必稽乎事業。善言詩者必推於教化。善 T2115_.52.0679c21: 言禮者必宗其皇極。夫知皇極可與擧帝王 T2115_.52.0679c22: 之制度也。知教化可與語移風易俗。知事業 T2115_.52.0679c23: 可與議聖賢之所爲。知天人可與畢萬物之 T2115_.52.0679c24: 始終。知賞罰可與辨善惡之故也。是故君子 T2115_.52.0679c25: 舍禮則偏。舍詩則淫。舍書則妄。舍易則惑。舍 T2115_.52.0679c26: 春秋則亂。五者之於君子之如此也。詩書禮 T2115_.52.0679c27: 其可遺乎。孟子言。春秋之所以作。見作之之 T2115_.52.0679c28: 權也。文中子言。春秋之所以起。見作之之心 T2115_.52.0679c29: 也。范寧折中於聖人。覩春秋之理也。文中子 T2115_.52.0680a01: 見易之所存。故振之也。楊子雲見易之所設。 T2115_.52.0680a02: 故廣之也。王輔嗣言天而不淫於神。言人而 T2115_.52.0680a03: 必正於事。其見作易者之心乎。子夏序關睢
T2115_.52.0680a06: 之言詩。詩之淺也。説詩不若從毛公之爲簡 T2115_.52.0680a07: 也。五行傳作。書道之始亂也。皇極義行。書 T2115_.52.0680a08: 道之將正也。孔安國釋訓而已矣。聖賢之事 T2115_.52.0680a09: 業則無所發焉。戴氏於禮未得禮之實者也
T2115_.52.0680a12: 問交 T2115_.52.0680a13: 客問曰。予欲擇交恐傷乎介。予欲汎交恐傷 T2115_.52.0680a14: 乎雜。中庸曰。天下國家有九經。而朋友之交 T2115_.52.0680a15: 在其一。詩曰。相彼鳥矣。猶求友聲。矧伊人 T2115_.52.0680a16: 兮。不求友生。然則予欲無交其可得乎。將交 T2115_.52.0680a17: 則猶豫於二者不決。吾子爲我必。何以處之。 T2115_.52.0680a18: 曰以人從道則君子擇交。以道從人則君子 T2115_.52.0680a19: 汎交。以道汎交廣其道也。以人擇交審其道 T2115_.52.0680a20: 也。傳曰。汎愛衆而親仁。言汎交而推其道也。 T2115_.52.0680a21: 繋辭曰。定其交而後求。言詳道而從其交也。 T2115_.52.0680a22: 必有道而後汎交。道不充己而爲汎交交必 T2115_.52.0680a23: 混也。故君子不爲混交。必正道而後擇交。道 T2115_.52.0680a24: 不正己而爲擇交。交必徒也。君子不爲徒交。 T2115_.52.0680a25: 郭泰古之賢人也。與屠酤農傭而交之。而泰 T2115_.52.0680a26: 也不厭其交。蓋有道而推其道者也。伯夷又 T2115_.52.0680a27: 古之賢人也。與郷人處如以朝之衣冠坐諸 T2115_.52.0680a28: 塗炭。望望遠之而不與接。蓋無所質道而自 T2115_.52.0680a29: 篤其道者也。曰世之以其宜相交者豈一端 T2115_.52.0680b01: 也。茲曷以正而求其所交之道者也。曰然交 T2115_.52.0680b02: 之道亂久也。吾嘗懷而未暇辨之。因子今所 T2115_.52.0680b03: 以盡之也。夫古今人有以勢交者。有以利交 T2115_.52.0680b04: 者。有以氣交者。有以名交者。以名交則無誠。 T2115_.52.0680b05: 以氣交則或同惡。以利交利散則絶。以勢交 T2115_.52.0680b06: 勢去則解。列國之時。王公將相求交於布衣 T2115_.52.0680b07: 馳騁車馬。趨乎抱關屠肆而不暇。匹夫上交。 T2115_.52.0680b08: 至有朝雜鬻販之人而暮極富貴。懷金佩玉 T2115_.52.0680b09: 聲振敵國。終不免家破國亡而所交者反爲 T2115_.52.0680b10: 仇讐。此以名利氣勢相交之敝。而不稽其交 T2115_.52.0680b11: 道之故也。後世猶以是而相尚。故閭里之人。 T2115_.52.0680b12: 平時遇於酌酒慷慨皆欲死生以之也。一朝 T2115_.52.0680b13: 利散勢去。則故牴忤仇讐之隙而生於朋友 T2115_.52.0680b14: 之好。張耳陳餘蕭育朱博此其効也。是故君 T2115_.52.0680b15: 子愼交乎此也。孟子曰。友者友其徳也。君子 T2115_.52.0680b16: 之交。相與以義。相正以徳。故君子之交久而 T2115_.52.0680b17: 益善。小人之交久而益欺。君子寧語市道而 T2115_.52.0680b18: 不言小人之交者也。客忻然而去 T2115_.52.0680b19: 師道 T2115_.52.0680b20: 君子不以非師而師人。不以非師而師於人。 T2115_.52.0680b21: 故君子教尊而道正也。師者標道也。標者表 T2115_.52.0680b22: 方也。標不正則使人失其嚮。師不正則使人 T2115_.52.0680b23: 失其志。堯師於君疇舜師於務成昭。禹師於 T2115_.52.0680b24: 西王國。湯師於成子伯。文王師於時子思。武 T2115_.52.0680b25: 王師於郭叔。而孔子師七十二子。子夏師諸 T2115_.52.0680b26: 侯。子思師孟軻。孟子荀卿皆師其徒。堯舜禹 T2115_.52.0680b27: 湯文武善師於人。而後世嗣帝王者稽之也。 T2115_.52.0680b28: 孔子子夏子思諸子善師人。而後世踐聖賢 T2115_.52.0680b29: 者稽之也。天下者教爲其本也。教者道爲其 T2115_.52.0680c01: 主也。道者師爲其端也。正其端所以爲道也。 T2115_.52.0680c02: 正其主所以爲教也。正其本所以爲天下也。 T2115_.52.0680c03: 故古之君子不苟尊而師人。不苟從而師於 T2115_.52.0680c04: 人。其存心於天下乎。今天下其教未至。不亦 T2115_.52.0680c05: 苟爲人師者之罪乎。不亦不擇師於人者之 T2115_.52.0680c06: 罪乎 T2115_.52.0680c07: 道徳 T2115_.52.0680c08: 尊莫尊乎道。美莫美乎徳。道徳之所存。雖匹 T2115_.52.0680c09: 夫非窮也。道徳之所不存。雖王天下非通也。 T2115_.52.0680c10: 伯夷叔齊昔之餓夫也。今以其人而方之而 T2115_.52.0680c11: 人樂。桀紂幽厲昔之人主也。今以其人而比 T2115_.52.0680c12: 之而人怒。是故大人患道徳之不充其身。不
T2115_.52.0680c15: 客以見余於巖谷恬無所營。而問曰。子默默
T2115_.52.0680c18: 曰全理以正人道。夫心即理也。物感乃紛不 T2115_.52.0680c19: 治則汨理而役物。物勝理則人其殆哉。理至 T2115_.52.0680c20: 也。心至也。氣次也。氣乘心心乘氣。故心動而 T2115_.52.0680c21: 氣以之趨。今淫者暴者失理而茫然不返者。 T2115_.52.0680c22: 不治心之過也。曰心則我知之矣。理則若未 T2115_.52.0680c23: 之達焉。子思之言與子之言同之歟。曰同。老 T2115_.52.0680c24: 子之言與子之言同之歟。曰大較同而窮神 T2115_.52.0680c25: 極化異也。曰子異二子則何所驗乎。曰吾正 T2115_.52.0680c26: 之於吾師古聖人之説者也。曰然則子之正 T2115_.52.0680c27: 幸得聞乎。曰是未易語也。吾之所正。通死生 T2115_.52.0680c28: 之變。超天地之故。張之則俗必大怪而相訾 T2115_.52.0680c29: 也。必欲求之。子當探吾所爲之内書者。客拜 T2115_.52.0681a01: 而去
T2115_.52.0681a04: 章君表民以官來錢唐居未幾。出歐陽永叔 T2115_.52.0681a05: 蔡君謨尹師魯文示予學者且曰。今四方之 T2115_.52.0681a06: 士以古文進于京師。嶄然出頭角。爭與三君 T2115_.52.0681a07: 子相高下者不可勝數。視其文仁義之言炳 T2115_.52.0681a08: 如也。予前相與表民賀曰。本朝用文已來。孰 T2115_.52.0681a09: 有如今日之盛者也。此聖君之徳而天下之 T2115_.52.0681a10: 幸也。退且思之原古文之作也。所以發仁義 T2115_.52.0681a11: 而辨政教也。堯舜文武其仁義至其政教正。 T2115_.52.0681a12: 孔子以其文奮而揚之。後世得其法焉。故爲 T2115_.52.0681a13: 君臣者有禮。爲國家者不亂。方周道衰諸侯 T2115_.52.0681a14: 強暴相欺上下失理。孔子無位於時不得行 T2115_.52.0681a15: 事。故以之用褒貶正賞罰。故後世雖有姦臣 T2115_.52.0681a16: 賊子懼而不敢輒作。及戰國時。合從連衡之 T2115_.52.0681a17: 説以傾天下。獨孟軻荀況以文持仁義而辨 T2115_.52.0681a18: 政教。當時雖不甚振。而學者仰而知有所趨。 T2115_.52.0681a19: 漢興賈誼董仲舒司馬遷楊雄輩以其文倡 T2115_.52.0681a20: 之。而天下和者響應。故漢徳所以大而其世 T2115_.52.0681a21: 所以久也。隋世王通亦以其文繼孔子之作。 T2115_.52.0681a22: 唐興太宗取其徒發而試之。故唐有天下大 T2115_.52.0681a23: 治。而韓愈柳宗元復以其文從而廣之。故聖 T2115_.52.0681a24: 人之道益尊。今諸儒爭以其文奮。則我宋祖 T2115_.52.0681a25: 宗之盛徳鴻業益揚。天子之仁義益著。朝廷 T2115_.52.0681a26: 之政教益辨。然而卿士大夫内觀其文知所 T2115_.52.0681a27: 以修仁義。而奉上正政教而莅百姓萬邦。百 T2115_.52.0681a28: 姓外觀其文知所以懷仁義。而附國家聽教 T2115_.52.0681a29: 令。而罔敢不從。四夷八蠻觀其文以信我祖 T2115_.52.0681b01: 宗之徳業。知可大而可久也。使其望而畏之。 T2115_.52.0681b02: 曰宋多君子。用其文以行古道。中國之禮樂 T2115_.52.0681b03: 將大修理。不可不服也。易曰。文明以正人文 T2115_.52.0681b04: 也。又曰。觀乎人文以化成天下彼戎狄叛命 T2115_.52.0681b05: 兇慝之邊鄙。今朝廷當行征伐以誅其不廷。 T2115_.52.0681b06: 而文之興也。郁郁乎如此。是亦止亂不專在 T2115_.52.0681b07: 於威武明文徳而懷之也。君子觀之謂其化 T2115_.52.0681b08: 成天下也。宜與堯舜文武較其道徳也哉。夫 T2115_.52.0681b09: 社稷之靈長久暦數之無窮。雖漢唐之盛美 T2115_.52.0681b10: 而奚足以比並 T2115_.52.0681b11: 文説 T2115_.52.0681b12: 章表民始至自京師。謂京師士人高歐陽永 T2115_.52.0681b13: 叔之文。翕然皆慕而爲之。坐客悦聽。客有一 T2115_.52.0681b14: 生。遽曰。文興則天下治也。潜子謂客曰。歐陽 T2115_.52.0681b15: 氏之文言文耳。天下治在乎人文之興。人文 T2115_.52.0681b16: 資言文發揮。而言文藉人文爲其根本。仁義 T2115_.52.0681b17: 禮智信人文也。章句文字言文也。文章得本 T2115_.52.0681b18: 則其所出自正。猶孟子曰取之左右逢其原。 T2115_.52.0681b19: 歐陽氏之文大率在仁信禮義之本也。諸子 T2115_.52.0681b20: 當慕永叔之根本可也。胡屑屑徒摸擬詞章 T2115_.52.0681b21: 體勢而已矣。周末列國嬴秦時孰不工文。而 T2115_.52.0681b22: 聖人之道廢。人文不足觀也。蓋其文不孰本 T2115_.52.0681b23: 乃爾。孔子無位其道不行。病此不得已。徒以
T2115_.52.0681b26: 聖人豈特事其空文乎。君臣父子師徒朋友。 T2115_.52.0681b27: 其文詞有本仁義禮信。靄然天下不治未之 T2115_.52.0681b28: 有也。易曰。觀乎人文則天下化成。豈不然哉。
T2115_.52.0681c02: 歳旱。論者有來訪予曰。今茲五月不雨及餘 T2115_.52.0681c03: 七月。呉疆赤地千里稼穡槁矣。農夫忙忙無 T2115_.52.0681c04: 所奈何。百穀勇貴乃倍其價。道路餓莩相望。 T2115_.52.0681c05: 爲政者祷于山川。趨其急猶救之水火。而雨 T2115_.52.0681c06: 終不至。民未免皇皇如也。請於吾子則曰何 T2115_.52.0681c07: 如爲之所耶。余時應曰。此官人者謀之。非吾 T2115_.52.0681c08: 野人之事也。無已則語子竊與之。吾嘗聞諸 T2115_.52.0681c09: 長者。諸荒旱時謂之凶年。爲國憂民者莫如 T2115_.52.0681c10: 發倉廩以救其饑。而後教之惜井泉謹隄防。 T2115_.52.0681c11: 命吏與之相水道。引民并力擁江河注之陂 T2115_.52.0681c12: 池以洽灌漑。察市道平物價。乘時射利欺于 T2115_.52.0681c13: 貧弱者。以法誅之。勸有餘者貸不足。約不 T2115_.52.0681c14: 足者以樂歳酬之。關譏無重征。以通商旅。細 T2115_.52.0681c15: 民鬻販者容之。察刑獄明民之冤枉。斯則亦 T2115_.52.0681c16: 救旱之一道。問者復曰。祷於山川之神宜之 T2115_.52.0681c17: 乎。曰於禮亦有之。然有水旱疫癘之災以營
T2115_.52.0681c20: 曰。我鄙人也。未識乎旱潦之所由。子復爲我 T2115_.52.0681c21: 言之。曰極陽之謂旱。洪範咎徴曰。僭恒暘若。 T2115_.52.0681c22: 又曰。王省惟歳。卿士惟月。師尹惟日。歳月日 T2115_.52.0681c23: 時不易。百穀用成。又用明俊。民用章。家用平 T2115_.52.0681c24: 康。日月歳時既易。百穀用不成。又用昏不明 T2115_.52.0681c25: 俊。民用微。家用不寧。説者云。夫僭也者何過 T2115_.52.0681c26: 且差也。曰政之差而民無教也。民無教則肆 T2115_.52.0681c27: 暴刑也。肆暴刑則罰不當也。罰不當則民怨 T2115_.52.0681c28: 之。與肆暴所感故旱順之。夫歳月日時無易。 T2115_.52.0681c29: 百穀用成。又用明俊。民用章。家用平康也 T2115_.52.0682a01: 者何。王由王道而不任喜怒妄黜陟卿士師 T2115_.52.0682a02: 尹。卿士師尹守厥職無僭妄以侮王權也。如 T2115_.52.0682a03: 此則國事修。國事修則其氣和洽。氣和洽故 T2115_.52.0682a04: 百穀成而治道明也。俊良得志以行其道。是 T2115_.52.0682a05: 上有仁義而下無怨咨。故國家安也。夫日月 T2115_.52.0682a06: 歳時既易。百穀用不成。又用昏不明俊。民 T2115_.52.0682a07: 用微。家用不寧也者何。君奪臣職而臣冐君 T2115_.52.0682a08: 政也。如此則國事不修。國事不修則人不和。 T2115_.52.0682a09: 人不和故百穀不成。而治道昧也。俊良之道 T2115_.52.0682a10: 不顯。是上非仁義而下民胥怨故國家不安 T2115_.52.0682a11: 也。今天子聖明而俊傑在位。所謂刑政禮樂。 T2115_.52.0682a12: 豈聞過差也。然宋有天下。雞鳴犬吠徹于四 T2115_.52.0682a13: 海。其爲廣且遠矣。殊方遠俗。政教豈悉至而 T2115_.52.0682a14: 刑罰能無誤也。惟刑政禮樂正則風雨以時 T2115_.52.0682a15: 來。旱潦無由作也。惡用祷邪。問者韙之。再拜 T2115_.52.0682a16: 而去
T2115_.52.0682a19: 不由也。又曰。伯夷聖之清者也。柳下惠聖之 T2115_.52.0682a20: 之和者也。又曰。聖人百世之師。伯夷柳下惠 T2115_.52.0682a21: 是也。故聞伯夷之風者。頑夫廉。懦夫有立 T2115_.52.0682a22: 志。聞柳下惠之風者。鄙夫寛。薄夫敦。始曰 T2115_.52.0682a23: 君子不由也者。孟子拒之之詞也。次曰清與 T2115_.52.0682a24: 和也者。稱之之詞也。又次曰聖人百世之師 T2115_.52.0682a25: 也者。慕之之詞也既拒而文稱慕之。學者多 T2115_.52.0682a26: 惑。有以其言爲不詳。吾故不然謂孟子之説。 T2115_.52.0682a27: 厥旨遠乎。夫君子與人適義而已矣。故其去 T2115_.52.0682a28: 就無固無必。如其人始惡而一日翻然以道 T2115_.52.0682a29: 求我。君子必接之。接之得其誠則就之。如其 T2115_.52.0682b01: 人始不惡而一日翻然以無道從我。君子必 T2115_.52.0682b02: 直之。直之不得已則去之。君子就之非苟從 T2115_.52.0682b03: 也。義可從也。君子去之非苟去也。義可去也。 T2115_.52.0682b04: 故君子之去就非苟也。專在其義也。彼伯夷 T2115_.52.0682b05: 者恥立惡人之朝。恥與惡人言。推惡惡之心。 T2115_.52.0682b06: 思與郷人立。其衣冠不正。望望然去之若將 T2115_.52.0682b07: 浼焉。以諸侯爲不潔。雖有善其辭命而不受 T2115_.52.0682b08: 也。以其終爲不潔。果不就已。彼柳下惠者爾 T2115_.52.0682b09: 爲爾我爲我。雖袒裸裎於我側爾焉能浼 T2115_.52.0682b10: 我哉。但其自治不顧治人。混然苟與之處。果 T2115_.52.0682b11: 不去已。柳下惠與不修之人處而不能正之。 T2115_.52.0682b12: 既不能正之。又不能去之。是侮人者也。伯夷 T2115_.52.0682b13: 得人善辭命以至誠相求而不肯酌其誠。既 T2115_.52.0682b14: 不能恤其誠。又不能就之。是棄人者也。棄人 T2115_.52.0682b15: 也者。是不與人爲善也。侮人也者。是與人無 T2115_.52.0682b16: 禮也。與人無禮孰爲恭乎。不與人爲善孰爲 T2115_.52.0682b17: 容乎。以君子之道校之。則二子之去就不亦 T2115_.52.0682b18: 非義而宜乎。孟子曰。君子不由也。若伯夷目 T2115_.52.0682b19: 不視惡色耳不聽惡聲。横政之所之不忍居 T2115_.52.0682b20: 也。清廉其身更治亂而不渝。非得聖人之清 T2115_.52.0682b21: 者。孰能守之。如柳下惠進不隱賢必以其道 T2115_.52.0682b22: 遺佚而不怨阨窮而不憫。非得聖人之和者。 T2115_.52.0682b23: 孰能忍乎。孟子當戰國時無道也。而姦臣賊 T2115_.52.0682b24: 子眦睚恣作。頑懦鄙薄爭勢冐利。雖死不顧 T2115_.52.0682b25: 其有節義。孟子以羞堯舜之道不行。思以清 T2115_.52.0682b26: 廉寛和之風矯激其時。故必尊伯夷柳下惠 T2115_.52.0682b27: 爲百世之師者也。其始曰隘與不恭者。辨其 T2115_.52.0682b28: 不以義而爲人也。蓋欲使人愼去就。故有拒 T2115_.52.0682b29: 之之詞也。又曰清與和者。是明其各有聖人 T2115_.52.0682c01: 之一徳也。欲人知賢其人。故有稱之之辭也。 T2115_.52.0682c02: 又曰。聖人百世之師者。有以警於世也。欲人 T2115_.52.0682c03: 聞其風而自化。故有慕之之辭也。伯夷柳下 T2115_.52.0682c04: 惠特立自任者也。不顧教人。故其所爲亦不 T2115_.52.0682c05: 顧世之是非也。孟子行道者也。其務教人故 T2115_.52.0682c06: 指其所爲。是者取之非者正之。所以夷惠之 T2115_.52.0682c07: 事雖得失而兩存於其書 T2115_.52.0682c08: 唐太宗述
T2115_.52.0683a12: 世以仁義而爲王者。猶禹湯文武也。吾讀唐 T2115_.52.0683a13: 書。得太宗之事如所述者不可勝擧。原其所 T2115_.52.0683a14: 歸皆趨仁義。要其與禹湯異者亡也。當時論 T2115_.52.0683a15: 者謂太宗大度類漢高神武同魏武。夫漢高 T2115_.52.0683a16: 寡文徳而魏武不及覇道。惡可與太宗擬論 T2115_.52.0683a17: 乎。惜哉欲用周禮治。而房魏輩不能賛成
T2115_.52.0683a21: 太宗之作。眞王者也。而不但文中子可歎也 T2115_.52.0683a22: 哉 T2115_.52.0683a23: 易術解 T2115_.52.0683a24: 子郝子治易。平生得聖人作易之大法。乃解 T2115_.52.0683a25: 易以自發其法。謂聖人所以作易在治道。治 T2115_.52.0683a26: 道在君臣。君臣法陰陽以成爻列爻以成卦。 T2115_.52.0683a27: 立卦以成易。是故求治道者必觀乎易。求易 T2115_.52.0683b01: 象者必觀乎卦。求卦體者必觀乎爻。求爻變 T2115_.52.0683b02: 者必原乎陰陽。陰陽也者作易之本也。治道
T2115_.52.0683b05: 失其所則其卦凶。是故君臣之道正則其政 T2115_.52.0683b06: 治也。君臣之道繆則政亂也。治則三綱五常 T2115_.52.0683b07: 修也。三才順也。萬物遂也。亂則彝倫萬事斁 T2115_.52.0683b08: 也。夫天下萬世治亂規誡之道。易其備矣。方 T2115_.52.0683b09: 絶筆乃出其書示於潜子。欲吾亂而明之。潜 T2115_.52.0683b10: 子稽其説條其緒。雖累百而無不與聖人之 T2115_.52.0683b11: 法合者。掲然而自立義。列精而且至大。略如 T2115_.52.0683b12: 乾坤小畜大畜卦之類。雖古之善治易者。不 T2115_.52.0683b13: 過是也。潜子因語其人曰。子之書是也。然易 T2115_.52.0683b14: 之始。固出於河圖。河圖所見唯陰陽之數最 T2115_.52.0683b15: 爲其本也。而君臣之法與其神物偕出矣。雖 T2115_.52.0683b16: 然而其吉凶治亂之効。未著乃資乎。聖人者 T2115_.52.0683b17: 君天下而發之。故包犧氏出焉。示與神道適
T2115_.52.0683b20: 能王之。故易與聖人而相須也。孔子聖人也。 T2115_.52.0683b21: 雖知其法而無位。歎不得如虙犧行其道。於 T2115_.52.0683b22: 當世徒文而傳之耳。故曰鳳鳥不至河不出 T2115_.52.0683b23: 圖。吾已矣夫。然其傳自孔子之商瞿。更九世 T2115_.52.0683b24: 至漢人楊何。而所傳遂絶。其後諸儒用已見 T2115_.52.0683b25: 各爲其家。紛然騁其異説。師弟子相承相勝。 T2115_.52.0683b26: 不復守聖人之道。眞易之道遂微。而子當易 T2115_.52.0683b27: 道支離紛錯漫漶難審之時。乃毅然獨推聖 T2115_.52.0683b28: 人之軌法。解其書以遺學者。其於聖人之道。 T2115_.52.0683b29: 亦有力焉。子郝子益謂潜子曰。吾考雜卦。其 T2115_.52.0683c01: 説煩且重。殆非聖人之意。是蓋後世學者括 T2115_.52.0683c02: 衆卦而歌之之言也。預之十翼。不亦忝乎。吾 T2115_.52.0683c03: 嘗削之。乃離序卦爲之上下篇。而以裨夫十 T2115_.52.0683c04: 翼可乎。潜子曰。楊子雲謂。學者審其是而已 T2115_.52.0683c05: 矣。仰聖人而知衆説之小也。子非之果是而 T2115_.52.0683c06: 排其涜聖人之言者宜之何必疑之 T2115_.52.0683c07: 鐔津文集卷第七 T2115_.52.0683c08: T2115_.52.0683c09: T2115_.52.0683c10: T2115_.52.0683c11: T2115_.52.0683c12: 藤州鐔津東山沙門契嵩撰
T2115_.52.0683c15: 天地均乎功。萬物均乎生。日月均乎明。四時 T2115_.52.0683c16: 均乎行。生生之道同。然而所以爲生奚一。謂 T2115_.52.0683c17: 功不殊。謂生不異。謂明不兩。謂行不各。使皆 T2115_.52.0683c18: 任其自然而然者。人其適於虎狼蛟龍也。虎 T2115_.52.0683c19: 狼蛟龍悷矯軋乎性。又奚全於天淳乎。故 T2115_.52.0683c20: 曰。道亦自然。非道亦自然。道亦自得。非道亦 T2115_.52.0683c21: 自得。昔夫黄帝也。高辛也。唐堯也。虞舜也。 T2115_.52.0683c22: 夏禹也。西伯也。后稷也。孔子也。曾參也。子 T2115_.52.0683c23: 路也。伯夷也。展禽也。桀紂也。幽厲也。惡來 T2115_.52.0683c24: 也。盜跖也。是此者不亦生乎。而所以爲生曷 T2115_.52.0683c25: 嘗齊邪。食息與人同。而動靜與人別。若所謂 T2115_.52.0683c26: 者繄何以明之。黄帝之爲生也。修徳振兵。治 T2115_.52.0683c27: 五氣蓻五種。撫萬民而安乎天下。往而登乎 T2115_.52.0683c28: 雲天。高辛之爲生也。順天之義。知民之急。仁 T2115_.52.0683c29: 而威惠而信。其色郁郁其徳嶷嶷。其動也時 Footnote: Footnote: Footnote: Footnote: Footnote: Footnote: Footnote: Footnote: Footnote: Footnote: 672 673 674 675 676 677 678 679 680 681 682 683 684 685 686 687 [行番号:有/無] [返り点:有/無] [CITE] |